The Calgary Herald June 9, 1962 Page 5 "Lunar Travel - Plans Advanced for Exploration"

The Calgary Herald June 9, 1962 Page 5

Transcript:

LUNAR TRAVEL - Plans Advanced For Exploration

After the Apollo spacecraft briefly lands its three-man crew on the moon and brings them back safely, what is the United States' next step in lunar exploration?

A California engineer has an answer - he says a 12-man expedition could carry out a 500-mile research trip across the surface of the moon by 1970.

The basic plan for the expedition has been worked out by Allyn B. Hazard, in El Monte, Cal. The idea had its beginning three years go, with Hazard's study of equipment needed for moon exploration at the California Institute of Technology's jet propulsion laboratory.

Four giant rockets would be used on Hazard's proposed moon trip: three round trip passenger vehicles and the other a one-way cargo carrier with 15 tons of supplies and equipment. It would carry everything needed to support the astronauts during a 21-day "out of this world" journey.

Highly-Trained Group Required

Each of the 12 men would be a highly trained scientist or technologist in some field and each would have to acquire some of the skills of the others, to provide vital "back-up" capability.

On the moon, only four of the astronauts would set off on the 500-mile trans-lunar trek. The group would include a geologist, a physicist, a medical - human factors specialist, and a communications - equipment specialist. Other members of the expedition would remain at the landing site to conduct research and maintain contact with earth, living in the space ships.

The four-man overland party wouldn't enjoy such luxury. Their trip would take about 10 earth days, and would be made during the 330-hour lunar night, to avoid danger of radiation from solar flares.

With no other shelter, they would have to live, work, eat, and sleep in special tub-like space suit "shells," like turtles. These would be their only protection from the moon's airlessness and night time cold of 250 degrees below zero.

Suit Livable For Long Period

The peculiar pot-belly shape is designed to make the suit more livable for a long period. The wearer can slip his arms out of the sleeves to prepare food stored inside, eat, adjust controls, make notes, or just to scratch his nose.

The suit's spaciousness and its "look all around" windows (including one in the bottom of the tub so the wearer can watch his step) eliminate all feeling of claustrophobia an important psychological factor over a 10-day trip.

The explorers would ride on tractor like electric powered moon mobiles, two to a cart, rolling over the moon's rough surface at about five miles an hour. They would be at opposite ends, suspended just above the ground by trunions attached to the sides of their suits. To sleep they would merely pivot back into a horizontal position, and doze off on the suit's thickly padded back, with a built-in pillow.

Supplies

Air, water, and power supplies for the space suits would be carried on the moon mobiles, and piped to the astronauts through long "umbilical" connections that would allow them to get off the (sic) walk alongside, collecting samples, making experiments, or taking pictures.

Each suit would also have built-in air and water tanks and a separate power supply, so the explorers could disconnect the "umbilicals" and leave their vehicles for a limited time if necessary.

"The Integrated moon suit - moon mobile idea offers the best and quickest way for man to really explore the moon's surface with the light-weight equipment we can land there in the next 10 years," Hazard says. In actual service, the problems of bulkiness and weight in the hard-shell space suit will be relieved by the moon's light gravity just one-sixth that of the earth.

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Spokane Daily Chronicle February 17, 1961 Front Page "Fine for Moonlight" (AP)

Spokane Daily Chronicle February 17, 1961 Front Page

The Moon Suit made it to the front page of the Spokane Daily Chronicle on February 17, 1961 as an image (worn by someone other than Allyn Hazard) and short blurb "Fine for Moonlight."

Transcript:

Fine for Moonlight

Dr. John Lyman of the University of California's biotechnology lab models the latest thing in suits for a moon explorer. The designer, Allyn B. Hazard, figures an astronaut wearing it could explore the moon's surface for days without returning to his space ship. A hose attached to the front would bring in heat, air and electricity for lights and instruments. Lyman holds a yardstick which could be used for survey work. UCLA scientists will test the suit - but not on the moon. (AP wirephoto.)
 

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Boston Globe December 24, 1961 Page 37 "500-Mile Walk on the Moon Already Mapped Out" by Arthur A. Riley

Boston Globe December 24, 1961 Page 37

This article appeared in The Boston Globe Science in Industry section on December 24, 1961. It features a proposal by Allyn B. Hazard for the technical feasibility of putting a 12-man exploration team there by the end of the decade. It also includes an image of the Moon Suit.

Transcript:

500-Mile Walk on the Moon Already Mapped Out

By ARTHUR A. RILEY 

Although this nation has a long-range goal of placing a man on the moon within the next 10 years, a veteran California rocket engineer claims that it is technically feasible to put a 12-man exploration team on that planet before the end of this decade.

* * *

Allyn B. Hazard of the engineering staff of Space-General Corp., affiliated with Aerojet-General Corp., recently outlined his plan for a 12-man lunar surface exploration mission in a technical paper delivered in Los Angeles.

An expedition of this kind would require four rocket vehicles weighing from six to eight million pounds to transport the explorers to a lunar landing. Three of the vehicles would be round-trip passenger carriers; the fourth would be a non-return cargo craft which would deposit approximately 15 tons of supplies on the moon.

According to the rocket engineer's plan, the expedition would be divided into two groups - a four-man mission and eight-man support team.

* * *

However, engineer Hazard has come up with a definitely planned mission to be carried out on the lunar surface.

Long an observer and student of the moon, the engineer said: "A major effort of this expedition could be a 500-mile overland journey - such as from a landing site in Mare Imbrium near the Crater Gruithuisen to the Crater Aristarchus and back."

Plans call for the trip to be made in two moonmobiles, each carrying two men. The other members of the expedition would remain at the landing site, living in space ships, conducting experiments and establishing a permanent base of operations.

The journey from Gruithuisen to Aristarchus and return was selected because the intervening area is mainly a flat plain and devoid of large craters and pock-marked surface areas. Moonmobiles, with somewhat the appearance of farm tractors, have been designed by Hazard. They would travel at speeds up to five miles per hour over the lunar terrain.

The engineer puts an estimated time of 10 days or less for the round trip journey. He expressed the opinion that the journey should be taken during the 330-hour lunar night wherein the surface temperatures on the moon run at about minus 250 degrees Farenheit (sic) thereby avoiding the deadly radiation emitted by the sun during daytime solar flare activity.

* * *

Hazard already has designed the space suits for the men on the moonmobiles. It is a marked departure from the type now worn by astronauts and they may be worn for a full two weeks period.

The moon explorers making this penetration into the unknown will live like turtles in these hard shell space suits.

Discussing the suit in detail, Hazard said: "By making the body section oversize, it is possible for the man to perform all normal bodily functions such as eating, sleeping, and elimination while occupying the space suit."

He further pointed out that equipment within the body shell will be provided for heating food, communications and controlling the moonmobile. A full scale model has been built and is now undergoing engineering tests.

Hazard also suggested that giant vacuum chambers be built on earth to test equipment and train the men for lunar surface operations. "In the case of the 500-mile lunar journey training, exercises could be conducted in these space simulators," he said. "The men attired in space suits, would unload their moonmobiles from the cargo carrier, perform brief equipment checkouts and start off on a 500-mile circuit around 2500 feet of vacuum the tunnels."

* * *

Should a vehicle break down en route, the men would have to fix it or walk back to the landing site. "Not until the adequacy of the equipment and operator training has been demonstrated in these vacuum chambers, the engineer concluded, "would it seem practical to send the expedition to the moon."

Despite the fact that space suits and life support systems appear practical for such an expedition, Hazard the rocket engineer did not make mention of the hazards en route, such as radiation, meteor contact, whether the moonmobiles would meet the conditions encountered on the moon's crust, or the colossal power to meet the lift-off requirements of the four rocket vehicles weighing from 6 to 8 million pounds.

However, the time is not far distant when samples of the moon's surface will be obtained, that metals to withstand friction and meteor contact will be developed, and, of course, rocket thrust is constantly being increased. That 250,000-mile distance between the earth and the moon will be one day traversed by man.

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Exploring God's World by James H. Jauncey

Exploring God's World by James H. Jauncey

This interesting religious book "Exploring God's World" by James H. Jauncey (1965) uses space imagery, including an illustration of a couple of Moon Suited astronauts exploring the moon, as the first illustration of the "When God Made Outer Space" section.

Exploring God's World by James H. Jauncey

I've only found a single reference to the actual book on the Amazon UK site. You can tell the illustration is from early JPL photography (also it predates Major Matt Mason by a couple of years).

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Aerojet-General Spacelines and Rocket Review 1962 Edition "After Apollo - Exploring the Moon"

Aerojet-General Spacelines and Rocket Review 1962 Edition "After Apollo - Exploring the Moon"

I cam across this partial article a few years ago but wasn't able to date it unil recently - there's an expansion of the graphic in the site I found (which appears to be a blogger site with emphasis on space in children's books "Dreams of Space"). The article (referencing the link at left) also features additional artist renderings including the two used in the Boys Life article.

Transcript:

After Apollo - Exploring the Moon

After the Apollo spacecraft lands its three- man crew on the moon and brings them back safely, what's the next step in lunar exploration?

A 12-man expedition to make a 500-mile research trip across the surface of the moon is proposed by Allyn B. Hazard, an engineer at Aerojet's subsidiary, Space-General Corporation.

It could be done in this decade, he says.

The spacemen would travel to the moon in four rockets-three round-trip passenger vehicles, the other a one-way cargo ship with 30,000 pounds of supplies to support the men and their scientific studies.

Each of the 12 astronauts would be a highly trained scientist or technologist in some particular field; some would be experts in several areas. On the moon, only four of them would make the trans-lunar journey, while the others remained at the rockets' landing site to conduct research.

The four explorers would wear special tub-like spacesuits in which they would have to live and work, eat and sleep, for the entire trip. They couldn't get out of the suits because of the airlessness and super-cold of the moon.

That's the reason for the suit's peculiar shape the wearer can slip his arms out of the sleeves to eat, adjust controls, make notes, or even to scratch his nose.

Umbilical connections would link each suit to a tractor-like "moon mobile" carrying the oxy- gen and life support system for two men. These would carry their passengers across the lunar landscape at five miles an hour. A 500 mile journey (for instance, from Crater Gruithuisen to Crater Aristarchus and back) would take 10 earth days. It would be made during the 330-hour lunar night, to avoid exposing the men to the sun's radiation.

All images, captions and content are Copyright © 1997-2025 John Eaton unless otherwise stated. If there are any comments or objections, please contact John Eaton, by clicking here.

TVTornado (UK) Annual 1966

TVTornado Annual 1966 Cover

This annual (probably published around 1966?) features reprints of Western Publishing's comics of the day (The Saint, The Lone Ranger, Tarzan, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Submarine Seaview and Magnus Robot Fighter). Interspersed between the comics are various text stories, puzzles and editorials.

TVTornado Annual 1966 Page 71

This gem is on page 71 titled "Man in the Moon Suit" and features some funny pictures of Allyn Hazard wearing the suit walking down a side walk and riding in the back of a convertible Corvette. Martin Gainsford also turned me on to this annual (thanks Martin!).

Transcript below:

MAN IN THE MOON SUIT

In the everyday streets of an unnamed American city a strange sight stopped the traffic and made the passer-by stand and stare... a huge robot-like figure marched down the high street with a masterful but casual air. 

Who was he? What was he? A new monster? A man from Mars? No... just an ordinary human trying on a suit designed for use on the moon's surface.

Scientists have been pondering how best to equip an explorer to the moon. Mr. Allyn B. Hazard, an engineer with Space-General Corporation, has come up with some of the answers.

First explorers on the moon, he thinks, will wear overside (sic), hardshell space suits, which will allow continuation of all normal body functions, including eating and sleeping. Likely to be built into the suit are a cooking-stove, camera, instrumental panel, heat controls and a communications system.

Other problems faced by the suit designer include the need for pressurisation (sic), an oxygen supply, and protection from extreme temperatures and ultra-violet rays.

A suit in the 'moon style' fashion looks heavy and clumsy. But every effort has been made to achieve the maximum mobility of arms and legs, and the fact that the pull of gravity is less on the moon should make movement easier.

What the first man to land on the moon will be wearing nobody is sure yet... but it will be something very like this.

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Diana (UK) No. 321 April 12, 1969

Diana (UK) No. 321 1969.04.12 Cover

Worlds Best Astronaut
This scan of a "Diana" comic magazine cover was sent to me by Martin Gainsford in 2004 - a UK fan of my site. He's also a huge Gerry Anderson fan. The comic cover features a very whimsical depiction of Diana bouncing across a moonscape wearing the Moon Suit as the "Worlds Best Astronaut" - and here we were all thinking that was Major Matt Mason!

I don't know much about this comic, directed I think at young teens in the UK.

Diana (UK) No. 321 from 1969.04.12

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Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 "Journey Across the Moon" and "Space Clothing" by Col. Bill Dunkerley

Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 Cover

Major Matt Mason list member (before everyone moved into the Major Matt Mason Facebook group), Jim Rhodes sent me this article with the accompanying pics many years ago. I don't believe Boys Life is still in print, but just in case, all images and text are copyright Boys Life Magazine and used without permission. If anyone out there has a legal problem with me reprinting the material here, please let me know and I'll remove it immediately. Click on the image above for a full- size diagrammatic rendering of the suit (from the article). Note that I've reformatted the text to better suit web publishing from my original Wildtoys.com post, removing many hyphenated words.

After seeing a follow-up article by "Bill Dunkerley" I strongly suspect that the author is a pseudonym of Allyn Hazard himself.

Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 Page 12

JOURNEY ACROSS THE MOON
By Col. BILL DUNKERLEY

AFTER THE first U.S astronauts reach the moon and return, others soon will follow. One exploration now being planned will consist of four spaceships and 12 astronauts. Four spacemen will ride in each of three lunar-expedition passenger carriers. The fourth craft will be for cargo, including two "moonmobiles" for the 500-mile surface journey from the moon sea, Mare Imbrium, to the Crater Aristarchus. Such a journey has been selected because it will take the astronauts into high and low terrain.

Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 Image

When they land, the crew will change into "moonsuits," an air-lock door will open in each spacecraft and cable hoists will lower the astronauts to the moon-dust surface. It will be night, the temperature 247 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Darkness and extreme cold will be safer than the deadly radiation of solar flare activity during the moon's long 214-degree day.

Partial weightlessness and the cold silence will give the astronauts an eerie feeling as they move about like turtles, operating their moonsuits from an inside control panel in front of their chest, switching on suit lights that focus where they walk. As an earth day passes, the crew will assemble two moon-mobiles, skeletonlike vehicles with oversize metal-tired "bicycle" wheels. They will maintain their direction without a compass, for there is no significant magnetic field on the moon.

Four of the 12 astronauts will make the journey to Aristarchus to test equipment, take photographs, collect geological samples and carry on scientific studies. Every step, every heartbeat, every breath of the four-man exploring team will be reported back to earth.

Besides carrying two astronauts the moonmobile will carry power and oxygen reserves, food supplies, test equipment and moon sample containers. Each astronaut will be connected to the moonmobile by a 20-foot umbilical tube, without which he could not survive for more than a few minutes.

The journey starts off at five miles an hour from the bottom of Mare Imbrium. On one moonmobile rides the geologist for the expedition and one of the two medical-human-factors specialists. On the other vehicle is the physicist and the specialist who handles power-communications and life-support functions. Back at moonbase the eight other astronauts are the life sciences doctor, the astronomer and six support-mission specialists.

The explorers reach Yellow Mountain, a landmark long observed from earth and believed to be towering sulfur. This explanation seems plausible in view of terrestrial like moonscape with its pumice and volcanic ash. Siliceous igneous rock-quartz that has formed by solidification of molten matter below the moon's crust-may have pegmatite veins containing compounds of the lighter elements. Oxygen, though difficult to extract, might be obtained in quantity here. Water and other fluids from these lunar rocks will someday be used by future lunar expeditions to build underground cities.

Moonsuits are made to tilt back as beds, but no one wants to sleep - too much excitement, too much to see and do. Through the eyes of this small group the dream of ages has come true- man is walking across the face of the moon.

THE END

Second Article- 

Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 Page 42

SPACE CLOTHING
By Col. BILL DUNKERLEY

SPACE SUITS of the future will be more like shelters than clothing. Short on style, but long on reliability, they'll contain their own life-support Systems. Once outside the spacecraft they'll be attached to ground-powered vehicles that will carry the astronaut and his supplies. During the 'Ice Age cavemen wrapped skins about them to keep from freezing to death. Today's survival manuals of the Army and other services stress the importance of clothing to maintain correct body temperature, protect against sun, prevent skin damage and the bite of poisonous insects.

Boys Life Magazine, October 1964 Artist Rendering

In outer space men's clothing will become much more important to him. It will protect him against added dangers of cosmic and solar radiation, extremes of heat and cold (lunar temperatures range more than 450 degrees Fahrenheit) vacuum conditions and particles streaking through space without atmosphere to burn them Space suits of the future will be no ordinary flying suits. They'll be developed from astronaut clothing used in today's Mercury capsules. The torso suit is a closely fitted coverall with inner gas-retention ply of neoprene and an outer heat- reflective, aluminized nylon fabric; a helmet of resinous, impregnated fiber glass hard-shell with visor sealing and communication system; gloves with miniature finger lights; boots of aluminized, nylon fabric with tennis-shoe-type soles; and a cotton undergarment with long sleeves and legs.

The space suit has become a compact version of the spacecraft cabin. Into it has been built a similar environment control system. Its basis is an air conditioner which is called a heat exchanger. Hot air, carbon dioxide and body odor leave the suit by a ventilation outlet at the back of the helmet, drawn into the heat exchanger by a water-cooled fan, purified and sent back by a hose from the oxygen tank to the suit waist. Fresh oxygen is forced into the suit's distribution ducts and carried to the limbs where it flows freely back over the body for cooling and pressurization.

Several kinds of clothing will be worn during a space journey. During flight in a spacecraft, such as the Apollo on its way to the moon, astronauts will travel in a shirtsleeve environment, the same as the crews of the B-70. Astronauts will probably take turns wearing a space suit that will permit them to make outside repairs on the ship. When the crew reaches the moon they'll wear a space suit of more advanced design.

The Lunar Exploration Suit, Model MK 1 has been developed by Space General Corporation for travel across the surface of the moon. It resembles a shelter because it must carry its own life-support system wherever it goes. The basic suit assembly weighs 60 pounds on earth, 10 pounds on the moon. It will carry a two-week food supply weighing 30 pounds; a two-hour oxygen supply, 24 pounds; battery, 24 pounds; communication equipment, 12 pounds; reading and miscellaneous material, 12 pounds. With an 180-pound astronaut, this suit will total 342 earth-pounds and 57 moon-pounds.

Looking at this enormous suit from top to bottom, you see first a wide-domed headpiece with an identification light centered on top, V- shaped antennae, a built-in helmet camera and see-around faceplate that drops almost straight down to the shoulders to give the astronaut 360- degree vision. At collar height there is a bumper to protect the "windshield" and for another astronaut to grab in helping his buddy. At thigh level ground lights can be turned on. Boots are double-soled and vacuum-insulated.

The astronaut will maneuver the suit much like a small tank. As he walks, he will use his arms inside to help the shoulder harness support the suit. He will operate dials and knobs on the control panel below the windshield for his life- support functions, to control the suit's cooking facilities, tune his radio and operate electronic equipment. From his "dashboard" inside the suit, he will also be able to manipulate a ground- powered vehicle which will support him with additional oxygen and supplies during exploration. This "Moonmobile" is technically called the Lunar Exploration Vehicle (2 man) MK I. It has a 20-foot umbilical which delivers oxygen and power to the space suit. The astronaut may walk with the vehicle, or he may choose to ride. If he rides, he hooks himself onto one end of the Moonmobile with support trunnions located on each side of his space suit. A mechanism on the vehicle will lift him off the ground and carry him in an upright position at five miles an hour. Also, when supported by the vehicle, the astronaut can easily shift his weight much the same as in a lean-back chair. In this way he can tilt the suit horizontally for sleeping. It is padded down the back so as to be reasonably comfort- able under reduced lunar gravity. The multi-purpose support trunnions not only provide a means of support aboard the Moonmobile, but they can serve as a point of attachment for "flying belts." They can also be used to hoist this "detachable man-propelled cabin of a Moon- mobile" into the spaceship.

There are advantages to integrating the hard-shell space suit into the configuration of a vehicle such as a Moonmobile. If the astronaut must move away from his supply vehicle, the umbilical can be disconnected. Then the suit's self-contained oxygen and power supply will permit it to operate independently until the oxygen is used. In exploration missions this is important. When each crewman is contained within his own suit. the failure of one will not affect the others, In this way space clothing will provide each astronaut a better chance for survival.

THE END

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Life Science Library - Man and Space, 1964

Life Science Library - Man and Space, 1964 Cover

This is a really wonderful Life Science Library book, part of the Life Science Library series of hardcover books intended for young adults and as family reference. Of the entire set, this is the most interesting to me as it contains some really great Life photography of man's exploration of space. Since it was published before the first Moon landing, the photographs and artists' renderings are mostly speculative, are based on current Mercury/Gemini technology, and incorporate a lot of science fiction elements. This is to be expected, as Science Fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke and "the Editors of Life" are listed as the authors.

The first black and white moonsuit photo is used as the opening image for chapter one: "The Dreamers and the Doers." (see below for photo and caption "Attired for Space").

The book goes into depth on propulsion, rocketry (with some great renderings, diagrams and history), proposed vehicles including the Nova class, the various US and Russian space programs/projects, and most important to us, proposed moonsuit designs.

Attired for Space

"A technician tests a space suit in simulated moon conditions - a Mojave desert lava cave. By the time the first deep-space voyagers actually depart, tens of thousands of tests will have been made, so that every conceivable exigency can be met and overcome. For example, this suit allows its wearer to pull his arms inside for the vital luxury of scratching an itch." 

Trends in Space Fashions

"Buck Rogers needed little protection on his comic-strip planets, but Wiley Post's 1934 suit anticipated real space conditions. The Mercury pressure suit was mainly for cooling since the capsule was pressurized. The projected moon suit is intended for wear over several weeks."

At Home on the Moon

An advance scientific base using specialized LESA (Lunar Exploration System for Apollo) modules might resemble this scene. In the foreground is a shelter LESA with bunks and showers on the top floor, supplies and generators below."

I included this pic with the accompanying caption as the suited figure in the foreground looks like a typical Major Matt Mason figure in his space suit. Also, the Station could be a model for the Major Matt Mason space station (imagine the station wrapped in a tin can!)...note the chair, the round hole in the floor, the shelves, etc. 

All images, captions and content are Copyright © 1997-2023 John Eaton unless otherwise stated. If there are any comments or objections, please contact John Eaton, by clicking here.

Life Magazine, April 27, 1962

Life Magazine, April 27, 1962 Cover

More than likely, the cover of this issue of Life, which features the bell-like Moon Suit, was the inspiration to Mattel for the Major Matt Mason accessory. The cover story is "Man's Journey to the Moon" and some of the interior stories follow this theme. At some point I'll take new images of the cover and entire article and provide a transcript.

Inside, another photo of the suit with the caption "Moon Suit. Testing a moon suit mock-up, Inventor Allyn Hazard stands in a lava crater on the Mojave Desert. Suit carries own oxygen, food." The accompanying article has "As for protecting the men themselves, at least one company - California's Space-General - has already built and is trying out a very early model moon suit.

Life Magazine, April 27, 1962 2-Page Image

It carries food, water, a radio, a tiny stove and air conditioning to insulate its occupant from the 300 degree fluctuations of lunar temperature. Its weight of 200 pounds, unwieldy on earth, should be no problem on the moon where things weigh six times less." Below the article are photos of various moon vehicles...one looks a little like the Major Matt Mason Space Bubble. 

Further on there's this spread of proposed lunar vehicles including one (in bold - transcript below) by the Space General Corporation.

A Model Menagerie of Moon Vehicles (image by Paul Vreede)

 Transcript:

A Model Menagerie of Moon Vehicles

Eight bizarre vehicles, models built by U.S. companies to test various concepts of getting about on the moon, sit on a simulated bit of lunar landscape. The models, most of which actually work, are (front row, left to right) an RCA six-legged walker carrying a drill in its red head for taking geological samples; a General Motors screwlike vehicle designed to worm its way through lunar dust; another RCA walker with rubber-covered leg joints, a radio antenna on its head. In the second row are a Bendix vehicle which unfolds from a rocket, then crawls about on sagging and flexible yellow wheels; a GM vehicle with six grapefruitlike wheels designed for traveling in very soft dust. In the back row are an RCA balloon vehicle, powered by a disk of solar-charged batteries on top (the actual one could stand 100 feet high and roll gently around on its soft plastic body); another variety of RCA walker, this one four-legged; an elaborate Space-General walker with a roof of solar batteries, three pairs of legs and a TV camera and mechanical hand on its outstretched mechanical arms.
(image by Paul Vreede from his great Triang/SpaceX site.

All images, captions and content are Copyright © 1997-2023 John Eaton unless otherwise stated. If there are any comments or objections, please contact John Eaton, by clicking here.